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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This condition leads to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers, often affecting daily activities such as typing, gripping, or lifting objects. CTS typically develops gradually and worsens over time if left untreated. The symptoms may initially occur at night or after repetitive hand movements but can become persistent, leading to reduced hand strength and dexterity. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent long-term nerve damage and restore hand function.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is primarily caused by increased pressure on the median nerve, which can result from repetitive hand and wrist movements, prolonged computer use, or excessive gripping. Underlying conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, wrist injuries, or hormonal changes during pregnancy can also contribute to nerve compression. Swelling of the tendons due to overuse, known as tenosynovitis, further narrows the carpal tunnel, increasing pressure on the nerve. Poor ergonomics, improper wrist positioning, and genetic factors, such as naturally smaller carpal tunnels, can also make individuals more susceptible to developing CTS.
Individuals with CTS often experience numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, which may extend up the arm. Symptoms are typically worse at night and may cause individuals to wake up and shake their hands for relief. Over time, weakness in the hand and difficulty gripping objects can develop, leading to frequent dropping of items and reduced dexterity. In severe cases, muscle wasting at the base of the thumb can occur, making fine motor tasks like buttoning clothes or holding utensils difficult. If left untreated, CTS can lead to permanent nerve damage and loss of hand function.
A comprehensive approach to treating CTS includes non-invasive therapies and surgical options, depending on the severity of symptoms. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is an effective non-surgical treatment that helps reduce inflammation, improve blood circulation, and promote tissue healing. ESWT stimulates nerve regeneration, alleviating symptoms and enhancing hand function without the need for invasive procedures.
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in CTS management by focusing on nerve gliding exercises, wrist strengthening, and ergonomic corrections. Stretching and mobilization techniques help reduce pressure on the median nerve, improving flexibility and reducing stiffness. Wearing wrist splints, especially at night, can help keep the wrist in a neutral position, preventing further nerve compression. Activity modifications, proper workstation setup, and avoiding repetitive wrist movements can also aid in long-term symptom relief.
For moderate to severe cases where conservative treatments fail, carpal tunnel release surgery may be recommended. This procedure involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament to relieve pressure on the median nerve, providing long-term symptom relief. The surgery can be performed using open or minimally invasive endoscopic techniques, allowing for quicker recovery and minimal scarring.
Additionally, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy is emerging as a promising regenerative treatment for CTS. PRP injections deliver growth factors that promote tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and support nerve healing, offering an alternative to surgery for some patients.
By combining ESWT, physiotherapy, PRP therapy, and, if necessary, carpal tunnel release surgery, individuals can experience significant pain relief and restored hand function. Early intervention and proper management are essential for preventing long-term complications, maintaining hand strength, and improving overall quality of life. Consulting a healthcare professional for a personalized treatment plan can help individuals regain comfort and functionality in their daily activities.
